1 Telecommunication networks and digital subscriber lines
1.1 Communications and telecommunications

Telecommunications is a discipline concerned with their communication man (transmission of messages) in conditions that are not able to overcome their natural senses. Telecommunications therefore falls within the field of science communication equipment and also communications technology and modern development basically began in the nineteenth century, the invention of the telegraph and later telephone. Today is an integral part of the field of ICT (Information and Communication Technology).

Word “telecommunications” was created by combining of two words. The Greek word “tele” (means remote) and the word “communication” (means information exchange).

Devices for communication at a distance are known as telecommunication equipments. Telecommunication network is subsequently formed by interconnected telecommunication devices and nodes.

It is obvious that it is not possible to interconnect direct links all telecommunications devices, or all participants of communication. For this reason, the telecommunications network to be logically structured in a certain way so that it can meet the requirements of a large number of end users in different geographical areas. The telecommunications network is divided into two parts. On the part of the backbone and access.

If we wanted to create a telecommunication network so that we mutually supportive all the participants among themselves, it would mean if just 10 subscribers to realize a total of 45 lines.