4Smart cities and communities

What is a Smart city? There exist several definitions, but more of them include that it is an urban area that uses different types of electronic data collection sensors which provide information, that is then used to efficiently manage city assets and resources.

The smart city concept integrates information and communication technology (ICT). The data provision often occurs through IoT networks. Smart city technology allows interaction with both, community and city infrastructure and to monitor what is happening in the city and how the city is evolving. According to the analyses [22], [23], e.g. Singapore and Barcelona belong among the smartest cities in the world. Singapore is considered as leader when looking only at transportation. Both operate an open data platform related to data collected by sensors. Many of smart cities are using cloud-based services in their solutions. Technological solutions mostly use the concept of „big data“ system, designed to manipulate (capture, store, analyse, query, visualise) huge amount of data. The smart city functional domain splits up according to IEEE [24] as follows:

- Sensors and Intelligent Electronic Devices,
- Communication Networks & Cyber Security,
- Systems Integration,
- Intelligence & Data Analytics,
- Management & Control Platforms.

Based on these functional domains there are built the Smart city solutions for specific topic. Some of the most essential ones are covered in the following sections.