10 Electronic Signature
10.3 Electronic Seal

Technologically, it is the same thing as in the case of a secure electronic signature. The difference is in the area of ​​its use, which is focused on the legal area.

The electronic signature is used exclusively by a natural person, the electronic seal may be used exclusively by a legal entity or an organizational unit of the state.

Previously, the term electronic tag was used for electronic seal. It is equivalent to an official stamp, which guarantees the integrity and origin of a document.

Qualified seal is based on a qualified electronic signature and is its equivalent with respect to the area of ​​its use (exclusively for legal entities). It also requires a specific HSM (Hardware Security Module) to store a private (secret) key.

Types of certificates in terms of electronic signature are, as follows:

1. Personal, i.e. intended for natural persons only

1. 1. commercial - the law does not specify their content; it is used, for example, to log into data boxes
   2. qualified - the law does not specify their content; it is used, for example, to sign messages and documents

2. System, i.e. intended for legal persons, organizational units of the state or public authorities

1. 1. commercial - for example, to log into a file service
   2. qualified - designed for creating electronic seals